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C++: Difference between revisions

m (Robertvokac moved page Speedy Blupi/Used technologies/C++ to C++ without leaving a redirect)
 
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== Preprocessor directives ==
== Preprocessor directives ==
Example: #include <iostream>
 
=== #include <iostream> ===
Includes file iostream
 
=== #define INT_MAX 32767 ===
Replaces all INT_MAX occurences by 32767


== Importing namespaces ==
== Importing namespaces ==
Line 50: Line 55:
=== Assignment (statement type) ===
=== Assignment (statement type) ===
Example: carrots = 15;
Example: carrots = 15;
=== Initialization (statement type) ===
int carrots = 15;
//or
int carrots (15);


== Key words ==
== Key words ==
return, void, int, ...
return, void, int, const
 
And others


== Variable ==
== Variable ==
Line 67: Line 81:
short: at least 16 bits
short: at least 16 bits


int: at least the same length as short (since -32768 until 32 767)
int: at least the same size as short (since -32768 until 32 767)
 
long: at least 32 bits, at least the same size as int
 
long long (since C++ 99): at least 64 bits, at least the same size as long
 
unsigned: unsigned short, unsigned int, unsigned long, unsigned long long
 
Octal: starts with 0
 
Hexadecimal: starts with 0x or 0X
 
 
char
 
wchar_t


long: at least 32 bits, at least the same length as int
bool


== Floating-point ==
== Floating-point ==
Line 81: Line 110:
= Class =
= Class =
Class is user defined type
Class is user defined type
[[Category:Technologies used by Speedy Blupi]]

Latest revision as of 19:23, 8 November 2024

Author: Bjarne Stroustrup Supported programming paradigms: procedural, object-oriented, generic. Based on on the C programming language. OOP in C++ was inspired by the Simula64 programming language. All C programs are valid C++ programs. The name of the C++ programming language is related to the incremental operator "++". How to create a C++ program: compiling to object files, linking object files to an executable version of the program.

Introduction

Functions

C++ program consists of functions. Function consists of statements. Each statement must end with the semicolon character.

Prototype vs implementation.

Function main()

Function main() is the entrypoint of an C++ application.

Variants:

  • int main() {return 0;}
  • void main() {return 0;}
  • void main(void) {return 0;}
  • int main(void) {return 0;}

Console

How to delay program and wait for the press of the key Enter: cin.get();

Printing text to console: cout << "some text"; //operator overloading: <<

Reading text from console: cin >> carrots;

How to print end line: "\n" or std::endl

Comments

One line: // comment

Multi line: /* comment */

Preprocessor directives

#include <iostream>

Includes file iostream

#define INT_MAX 32767

Replaces all INT_MAX occurences by 32767

Importing namespaces

using namespace std;

using std::count;

C++ statement

Each C++ statement must be ended with the semicolon character ;

Declaration (statement type)

This allocates memory.

Example: int carrots;

Assignment (statement type)

Example: carrots = 15;

Initialization (statement type)

int carrots = 15;

//or

int carrots (15);

Key words

return, void, int, const

And others

Variable

Variable is named location in the memory with its type definition.

You can get the location in the memory with the & operator.

Data types

Void

Empty set of values, cannot be used as the type of variable.

Integral

short: at least 16 bits

int: at least the same size as short (since -32768 until 32 767)

long: at least 32 bits, at least the same size as int

long long (since C++ 99): at least 64 bits, at least the same size as long

unsigned: unsigned short, unsigned int, unsigned long, unsigned long long

Octal: starts with 0

Hexadecimal: starts with 0x or 0X


char

wchar_t

bool

Floating-point

Combined data types

Operators

sizeof

Class

Class is user defined type