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C++: Difference between revisions

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m (Robertvokac moved page Speedy Blupi/Used technologies/C++ to C++ without leaving a redirect)
 
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== Preprocessor directives ==
== Preprocessor directives ==
Example: #include <iostream>
 
=== #include <iostream> ===
Includes file iostream
 
=== #define INT_MAX 32767 ===
Replaces all INT_MAX occurences by 32767


== Importing namespaces ==
== Importing namespaces ==
Line 50: Line 55:
=== Assignment (statement type) ===
=== Assignment (statement type) ===
Example: carrots = 15;
Example: carrots = 15;
=== Initialization (statement type) ===
int carrots = 15;
//or
int carrots (15);


== Key words ==
== Key words ==
return, void, int, ...
return, void, int, const


= Data types =
And others


=== Variable ===
== Variable ==
Variable is named location in the memory with its type definition.
Variable is named location in the memory with its type definition.


You can get the location in the memory with the & operator.
You can get the location in the memory with the & operator.
= Data types =
== Void ==
Empty set of values, cannot be used as the type of variable.
== Integral ==
short: at least 16 bits
int: at least the same size as short (since -32768 until 32 767)
long: at least 32 bits, at least the same size as int
long long (since C++ 99): at least 64 bits, at least the same size as long
unsigned: unsigned short, unsigned int, unsigned long, unsigned long long
Octal: starts with 0
Hexadecimal: starts with 0x or 0X
char
wchar_t
bool
== Floating-point ==


= Combined data types =
= Combined data types =
= Operators =
== sizeof ==


= Class =
= Class =
Class is user defined type
Class is user defined type
[[Category:Technologies used by Speedy Blupi]]

Latest revision as of 19:23, 8 November 2024

Author: Bjarne Stroustrup Supported programming paradigms: procedural, object-oriented, generic. Based on on the C programming language. OOP in C++ was inspired by the Simula64 programming language. All C programs are valid C++ programs. The name of the C++ programming language is related to the incremental operator "++". How to create a C++ program: compiling to object files, linking object files to an executable version of the program.

Introduction

Functions

C++ program consists of functions. Function consists of statements. Each statement must end with the semicolon character.

Prototype vs implementation.

Function main()

Function main() is the entrypoint of an C++ application.

Variants:

  • int main() {return 0;}
  • void main() {return 0;}
  • void main(void) {return 0;}
  • int main(void) {return 0;}

Console

How to delay program and wait for the press of the key Enter: cin.get();

Printing text to console: cout << "some text"; //operator overloading: <<

Reading text from console: cin >> carrots;

How to print end line: "\n" or std::endl

Comments

One line: // comment

Multi line: /* comment */

Preprocessor directives

#include <iostream>

Includes file iostream

#define INT_MAX 32767

Replaces all INT_MAX occurences by 32767

Importing namespaces

using namespace std;

using std::count;

C++ statement

Each C++ statement must be ended with the semicolon character ;

Declaration (statement type)

This allocates memory.

Example: int carrots;

Assignment (statement type)

Example: carrots = 15;

Initialization (statement type)

int carrots = 15;

//or

int carrots (15);

Key words

return, void, int, const

And others

Variable

Variable is named location in the memory with its type definition.

You can get the location in the memory with the & operator.

Data types

Void

Empty set of values, cannot be used as the type of variable.

Integral

short: at least 16 bits

int: at least the same size as short (since -32768 until 32 767)

long: at least 32 bits, at least the same size as int

long long (since C++ 99): at least 64 bits, at least the same size as long

unsigned: unsigned short, unsigned int, unsigned long, unsigned long long

Octal: starts with 0

Hexadecimal: starts with 0x or 0X


char

wchar_t

bool

Floating-point

Combined data types

Operators

sizeof

Class

Class is user defined type